1800s B.C.
Abraham (Abram) considered spiritual father of three of the world's major religions: Judaism, Islam, and Christianity.
1700s B.C.
Ishmael (son of Abraham and his Egyptian maid Hagar) is born. Ishmael, the Patriarch for Arabs, leads the Ishmaelites and bears 12 sons.
1700s B.C.
Isaac, son of Abraham and wife, Sarah, is born. Twins, Jacob and Esau (Edom) are born to Isaac and his wife, Rebekah. Jacob is later named "Israel" as the father of Israel and becomes the patriarch of/for the Israelites. The tribes of Israel are named after Jacob's 12 sons. Jacob's son Joseph becomes a slave in Egypt and later becomes a minister to the Pharaoh.
1290 B.C.
Rameses II is crowned Pharaoh (King of Egypt) and enslaves the Jewish people.
1050 B.C.
The Philistines conquer Israel.
1000 B.C.
King David unites Judah and Israel.
950 B.C.
Solomon builds the First Temple of Jerusalem at the Temple Mount on Mount Moriah. The Ark of the Covenant is placed in the completed temple.
925 B.C.
The kingdom of Israel and Judah are divided.
900 B.C.
The declining kingdom of Egypt is split into two parts: Middle Egypt and Lower Egypt.
722 B.C.
Israel falls to Assyria.
700 B.C.
The conquests of Babylon, Syria, and Palestine lead to Assyrian domination.
700 B.C.
Egypt is ruled by Nubia.
638 B.C.
The Arab conquest of Jerusalem begins.
600s B.C.
Babylonia (the new Babylonian Empire) takes Jews into captivity.
600 B.C.
Psanmtik frees Egypt from foreign rule. Egypt becomes a sea-faring power.
586 B.C.
Judah falls to Babylon.
541 B.C.
The building of the Second Temple of Jerusalem begins at the Temple Mount on Mount Moriah, despite fierce opposition, and is completed 15 years later.
332 B.C.
Jerusalem priests dissuade Alexander the Great from destroying Jerusalem by showing him Scriptures predicting his rise to power.
